Loom for weaving knotted fabrics.



T. P. WALSH.

LOOM FOR WEAVING KNOTTED FABRICS,

APPLICATION FILED APR. 27,1908.

' Patented June 3,1913.

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m @MWN E u N\\ NE R ER? Mw AT T Y EEyENTOR 3720773125 j? 17!.[5/2 fly T- P- WAL$ LOOM FOR WEAVING KNOTTEDIPABRIKGS.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 27, 1908,

1,068,627. Patented Jgggfi 3, 1913.

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2a 137 if 129 m4 ATTR v T. P. WALSH. LQPM FOR WEAVING KNOTTED FABRICS.

APPLIQILTION FILED APR. 27. 1908.

Patented June 3, 1913.

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l qm m W 4 T2 I $1 73 I nmas a 5 T. P. WALSH.

LOOK FOR WEAVING KNO'I'TED FABRICS- APPLIQATION FILED PB. 27, 1908.

Patented June 3, 1913 8 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

. O G Wrmzsssg lgvsmron AIILY T. P. WALSH. LOOM FOR WEAVING KNOTTED FABRICS.

Arnlommn FILED APR. 27, 1908.

Patented June 3, 1913.

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:1? P. WALSH. LOOM FOR wmvme KNOTTED mmucs. APPLIOATION FILED APR. 27 1908. 1,063,627, Patented June 3, 1913.

i 8 SHEETSSHEET 6- VEN OR \AATNESSE Thomas PT/lQlS/L ATfy T. P. WALSH. LOOM FOR WEAVING KNO'TTED FABRICS.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 27 1908.

Patented June 3, 1913 LOQSfiQ'L I I A 41 \U W517 H515 L L? I 55-15 F7615 5 I 1 M w FFQZU i F5115 v WQTNESSES I gvEN p s T/wmasf M25]? T. P. WALSH. LOOM FOE WEAVING KNOTTED FABRICS.

APPLIOATlON FILED APR. 27 1908. 1,063,627, Patented June 3, 1913.

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UNITED smart-is PATENT OFFICE,

THOMAS P. 'WALSH, OF WORCESTER, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR T0 WALSH-BAKER CORPORATIOK, 0F PORTLAND, MAINE, A CORPORATION OF MAINE LOOM FOR. WEAVING KNOTTED FABRICS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented June's, 1913.

Application filed April 27', 1908. Serial No. 429,297. 1

To all MILO/n it may concern Be it known that l', Tnonas P. lVALsiI, a citizen of the United States, and resident of \Vorcester. in the county of lVorcester and State of Massachusetts, have invented an Improvement in Looms for 'Weaving Knotted Fabrics, of whiclrthc following description, in connection with the accompanying drawings, is a specification; like letters on the drawings representing like parts. i I My invention is a loom for weaving rugs or other fabrics, and provides means for accomplishin; mechanically what has been accomplished before by hand in the weaving of oriental rugs, e'. 0.. rugs, carpets, and woven products in which the filling, pile, or other weft like portionsare tied, looped, or knotted immovably to the warps in the course of the continuous weaving of the fabric, and accordingly I intend herein to claim broadly means for accomplishing said results, as I believe myself to be the first to have succeeded in devising mechanical means capable of accomplishing; this pur pose.

My invention also includes, in its preferred embodiment, means for producing various other oriental-run effects, such, for ii'n-tance, as the irregular or apparently ancertain appearance of the pattern and the peculiar soft appearance and flexible effect.- But in order that the radical depa.r ture of my invention. from all previous looms may not be misapprel'iended and the pioneer character of the invention lost sight of, I wish it understood that, irre-,

spective of these other, last mentioned, features of invention, although important in themselves and far reaching in their results, the basic feature of my invention conslsts of providing means for tying, looping,

dinal pull is perhaps the most important distinguishing characteristic, from the or linotting'ithe filling threads to the warp or weavers standpoint, of these celebrated products, but, by so referring to oriental rugs, I do not intend to restrict my invention to the production of technically so-- called rugs, nor to the formation of the particular kinds of knots commonly found in oriental rugs, as my invention is applicable to a much wider range of. products,

being in fact readily adaptable to all varieties of fabrics containing, .warp and weft and in which it is desirable that the two shall be immovably connected at various intersecting portions throughout the fabric.

The constructional details of my invention. the operation thereof, and the various resultant advantages will he more apparent from. the following description, taken with reference to the accompanying drawings,-in

which I have shown one of the preferred mechanical embodiments of the invention.

in the drawings, Figural shows the 100m 1 1 in central vertical longitudinal section j'i F12. 2 is a transverse vertical sectional view enlarged, showing the left hand side ofthe loom; Fig. 3 is a view similar to Fig. 2, showing the right handside of the loom; Fig. 8 shows similarly the upper end, which is broken otf from Fig. 3; Fig. 4 is a right hand side elevation of the loom;

Fig. 5 is a sectional detail showing in side elevation the shedding mechanism just ready to operate; Fig. 6 is a longitudinal sectional view of the extreme rear end of the loom, provided'with the mechanism for .weaving with the Persian knot; Fig. 7

shows the cam for lifting the shedding arms; Fig. 8 shows the cam for operat1n',a the knotter; Fig. 9 shov'vs the cam for 8381113,

the warp threads; .Fig. 10 shows the cam motion cam; Fig. 14 is an enlarged transverse vertical sectional detail of one side of the loom with varflpus parts omitted to clearly show remaining parts; Figf51522 are largely diagrammatic views showing the knots and knotting, Figs. li5f a nd loshowing the threading of the Warp'threads for tying. the- Persian knot shown in further usual detail in Figs. 17, 18, 19, and 19 Figs; 20

=and 21 showing the Turkish knot and Fig.

5 ding position; Figs. 24 and. 25'are detail views of levers 109 and 110; and Fig. 26 is a top plan View of the slack-producing cam and a view of the adjacent needles showing the cam at the end of its throw.

I have already briefly characterized cer tain of the principal difi'erentiating features of -my invention, and before entering upon the detailed description, it may be well to point out that the invention is broadly distinguished from previous attempts to weave a knotted pile fabric, in that it knots a Weft on a Warp, as distinguished from knotting a waip on a weft, in the course of the manufacture of an'oriental rug. As a resu1t,-I am enabled to use one and the same thread, thrown from a shuttle or any other means, to form simultaneously allthe piles for a given length, preferably entirely across the fabric. I do not intend to limit the invention in any way to the means of putting the shot or pick of weft (by which term I mean to include any and all trans verse pile threads) transversely of the loom, as it may be a shuttle, eye needle, nipper needle,-or What not. For clearness of presentation of my invention, in its broader aspects, I have shown the simplest kind of embodiment, viz. a loom weaving fabric in which the weft is formed around all the contiguous yvarp threads, but I wish it understood that my -invention, as hereinafter broadly claimed is not limited in the latter rtespect.

My invention makes it readily feasible, ,pot only to knot" the Weft on each Warp or otherwise as desired, but the entire knot 1s made 'n the same pick with a continuous movem nt of the loom, and a variety of knots may be made with the same mechanism. A plurality of knots are tied in the uncut weft, or in other words, the weft is coiled around i the warp threads at at least three or more separated places throughout the length of the intact weft thread in, the breadth of the fabric, and with a coil of-the weft thread around at least one of the two adjacent ground warp threads which constitute a pair, before the Weft is out. i

3 ,In some respects my present application. 1 5

is-subordinate to some of the claims of my copending application er. No. v#125,918 in Which a very different echanisin is shown for Weaving oriental ugs, etc. In the present loom, the weft 1's knotted onto the warp and the changing of colors in the weft depends upon the ,box motion, and I have.

endeavored to embody my invention in such mocha ism as to adapt it to any of the i oagghotions. So that it will be understood that, although I have herein shown a simple two-by-two box motion, any other more complex motion may be employed with a corresponding increase in variety of colors or materlal in the filler. First, to make-the general mechanism understood, I point outthat the warp threads 1 pass from a. warp beam? loosely jonrnaled at 3 in the loom sides itthe same as in my first mentioned application, said warp beam being preferably provided with a delicate tension adjustment, shown as a friction strap 5 fast at 6 and held yielding-1y adjustable by a spring 7, nut 8 and threaded bolt 9 operated by a handle 10 having a releasing cam 11 normally in clamping position. The warp 1 passes thence over a guide roll 12 held in supports 13, and thence about a let-off drum let journaled at 15 in the loom sides. and

under a guide roll 16' supported in forks 17.

In the present construction, the warp threads 1 may be considered to all intents and purposes as endless, 0., they have no definite beginning or end, but the fabric as it is woven is rolled or gathered forward continuously, so that. the loom is capable of weaving a product of indeterminate length.

As my present loom is provided with a shedding motion, thenvarp threads are scparated into pairs, one warp thread of each pair being laid over suitable mechanism f or permitting it to be depressed when the other Warp thread of said pair is in a raised position, and to accomplish this I have pro vided independently movable casing rods "i8, 19, over one of which, the rod 18, one warp thread of each pair passes, while the other warp thread of each pair passes over the rod 15). These rods are mounted to swing freely respectively on levers 20, 21', pivoted to an arm mounted loosely on the shaft 15 and connected by-a swiveled block 23 to a rod 24- bent at 25 so as to extend diagonally down to a point 26 where it is pivoted to a cam lever :27 fixedly pivoted at 28 on a stand or bracket 39 and operated by a cam roll 80 being vers 20, 21, in an opposite direction, thereby maintaining a desired tension on the warps. At the front of the loom any suitable takeup mechanism (is provided, that herein shown consisting of a take-up roll 38 just beneath the breast beam 39, a guide i\oll 4-0, and final take-up roll ll operated by 'a ratchet wheel 42, pawl 43', intermcdiately pivoted lever 44-, actuated ,by a rod 45 adjustably secured at 46 to cup crank 4.7 fast on. the main driving shaft. 4-8 at the rear her that when the warp carrier is revolved on end of the machine, as shown in my application Serial No. 415,780, filed February 13, 1908.

The knotter. in its elemental parts and general operation is also the same as in my previous application Ser. No. =l15,780,-but has more movements and additional mechanism; l preferably employ an arched warp carrier for each warp thread or pairof warp threads having axial movement from one end, the warp thread or threads being passed through eyes in said carrier in such a manits end-pivot they are bent back on then'iselves in such a manner as to form an open loop in each warp thread, through which is then passed the weft thread or pile-forming strand. whereupon the warp carrier is turned back again. thereby transformingits warp thread, loops into coils about the thus inserted weft strand, and subsequently the warp and weft threads which have been thus intercoilcd have their relative coiled relation changed in such a manner that the warp threads become substantially straightand the coil formation is assumed by the weft strand in the form of coils thereof about said wd'trp threads. as will now be explained. 1 Fast on stub shafts 49 are crank arms 50 adjacent whose free ends are freely pivoted rods 51, 52, and fixed at uniform intervals on these rods are two sets of warp carriers 53, 54, each arch shaped in form and provided with thread eyes suitably arranged to receive theKvarps so as to cooperate in producing the desired loops therein when operating. all substantially the same as set forth and claimed in my last mentioned application, eyes 55, so, being herein shown. For convenience, and .in order to permit the rods 51 and 52 to be separated a short distance, the two sets of warp carriers have their t'orward ends (when viewed as shown in Fig. 1) bent difiiercntly', the can riers 5i being bent backward so as to be secured to the rod 52 and the carriers 53 con'iing down approximately straight tothe rod 51.

Fast on the rod 51 adjacent the crank arm 50 is a lever or finger 57 for turning said rod 51, and consctpicntly its warp carriers 53 at the desired shedding moment, said finger being normally held locked against the crank arm 50 by a locking pin 5th normally hold in locking position by a spring 55), as best shown in -ltig. 2,-sce also Fig. 1 and Figho. T he shaft 52 projects through the arm 50 whercfits cnd provided on the side opposite the finger 5'7 with a similar finger 6!} fast thereon to turn said shaft. 52,, being normally held locked against the arm 50 by a locking pin 61 hold by a. spring (22.

.up and the pile formed therein.

The path of movement of the warp carriers is the SHINCRS 111 my first mentioned apphl cation, and is indicated by the,line (33. The warp carriers are shown in Fig. 1 in the position to receive the shuttle carryiug the filling pile. From this position they swing downwardly and up over to permit the knot thus formed in the filling pile to be beaten As herein shown, Iacomplish both the beating up and the pile-forming by one and the same device. The reed or comb 6% has its fingers provided with books (55 at their lower front ends and the reed frame 66 is pivoted at 67 on the for ard end of a lever 68. whose shaft 69 is rocked by an arm 70 actuated by alink 71 connected to a cam lever 72 whose roll 73 travels in a path cam 74. This at the proper moment causes the desired lifting move ment of the comb. which pulls up and. forms the pile. fit the same moment the comb is swung forward for the beating-up operation by means of an arm 75 rigid with the comb frame and (()]lii( t0(,l by a link 76 to a, cam lever 77 at T8 actuated by a cam roll 79 traveling in a path cam 80. the pile thread is shot through the kuotters, or warp carriers, the slack-forming needles 81, one between each pair of warp carriers and which have been in forward position to constitute a bottom guide for guiding the shuttle, are pulled back just after the shuttle has passed, thereby drawing extra thread from the shuttle to produce sutlicicnt slack for the desired length of pile. They are pulled back by a cam 82 reciprocatcd on the shaft 83 by a cord 84 to which it. is fastened at 85, passing over guide wheels 86, 87, 88, see Figs. 1, and 4, driven by a drum 8!) provided with a pinion 90 operated by a rack 91 and crank 92 extending from a shaft 93 driven by'a pinion 94 in mesh with a mutilated gear 95 fast; on the main driving shaft, all as shown and claimed in my first mentioncd application, the latter and its pinion being so proportioned and constructed as to give the requisite dwell at the end of the slack-producing motion to permit the knotting movements to take place before the re-\ turn'movcment of the slack-produsing cam 82. The needles 81 are mo-untcdto slide in a plate 96 extending between opposite. hubs 97, one of which has a crank 98 connected by a link 99 actuated by a. canr lever 100 whose roll 101. travels in a path cam 102 so timed that it drops the needles out of the way of the knottern as .soon as the filling shuttle has completed its shot and reached its box, at which time the cam 82 has reached the end of. its stroke and is therefore out. of the way? Preferably the \timing of the slack-forming mechanism is shah as to permit this movement tobe as slow as possible without; interfering with the time required for executing the various other movements. The needle-like. fingers 81. are

employed as a convenient means for preventing the weft thread from remaining taut, lest, when subsequently the oriental knots are tied, there would remain no surplus filling or weft thread to constitute the pile loops and. hence, (after cutting) the piles, and accordingly these lateral pulling devices or needle-like fingers are provided at a plurality of places throughout the length. of the weft thread across the loom and operated to pull it transversely so as to provide said necessary slack. Thesefingers or needles are also used, when in their initial horizontal position, as a convenient supporting track or raceway for the passage of the shuttle. This is not essential, but, in view of the fact that the warp threads are led around in loops, or in other words each warp is looped over and held open while the weft is passed through it, it is desirable that the shuttle should have a stronger support than merely that of the warp threads. As soon as the shuttle has shotunder the arch of the warp carriers, and hence through the warp loops just mentioned, formed in the bodv of the warp threads by the position of the warp carriers at the moment, said warp car riers are reversed in position, and thereby the deposited shuttle thread is embraced or surrounded by a coil of each warp thread which is carried around the same by the verse rotation of the warp carriers, as pres-- ently explained. It will be understood that, while I have shown the various cams as timed to cooperate with each other for ordinary running speed, I do not intend to restrict the invention to the particular timing herein shown, as the various cams may be' changed to some extentto give more time to particular movements.

As the slack-forming'needles 81 drop by the rotating of their hubs 97, the knotter ties its knots. To accomplish this movement the-warp carriers are rotated as stated in the path 63 by the engagement of a rack bar 103 with a pinion 10 1 fast on the end of one of the stub shafts, see Fig. 2, said rack bar being pivotally connected at 103 55 are reversed or swung under and upward.

with a cam lever 106 whose cam roll 10? travels in a path cam 108. When the upward swinging movement has been completed-thereby, forming all the knots, the beating up and pile forming operation takes place by the combined forward swinging and upward pulling movement of the comb 64 and then the warp carriers swing back slightly below horizontal position, in which position they stop for the shedding move ment. The filling is; knotted onto the warpthreads as follows: .As soon as the shuttle has'shot the filling through the loops of warp-threads (which are held, in arch or ltlop formation by the carriers 53, 54, Fig. 1, as already explained) the warp carriers on "o by a coil in each warp thread about said 73 filling thread, but as the warps are comparatively taut and the filling thread is slack, the warps immediately straighten out, thereby compelling the filling-thread to assume the coiled shape, virtually transferring 75 the coil or loop of each warp thread to the adjacent portion of the filling thread. The result is that the filling thread is thereby coiled or looped around the successive pairs of warps, with the pile ends (they become 0 pile ends when subsequently cut) of the filling thread proiecting upward from between each of said pairs of warps. The shedding movement may be accomplished by any suitable mechanism which will operate 35 to lift the two sets of warp. threads dissimultaneously, with a dwell between said lifting movements suificient to -permit the passage of the binder weft, and as herein shown I accom )lish this movement b moving the warp carriers, lifters 109. 110 being provided, pivotally carried by an arm 111. pivoted at- 112' on the frame and lifted at the right moment -by a link 113 connected to the free end of a cam lever 114 whose roll 115 travels in a path. cam 116. ,As the litters 109.110 are raised their beveled ends.

see Fig. 2. engage behind the headed ends of the locking p1ns'58. 61, thereby unlocking the'fingers 57, 60 from the crank arm 50 and then one or the other of the members 109, 110, as the case may be, is quickly swung forward by the action of links 117, 118 pivoted respe tively to the lower ends of said memb rs at one end and at 105 their other ends to hell cranks 119. 120 both pivoted at 121 and connected by links 122, 123 to cam levers 12 1, 125 whose rolls travel in path cams 126. 127. This movementsheds the warp threads forward of the knotter 110 which at that moment, instead of being in the position shown in Fig. 1 is swung to the rear entirely out of line witlnthe shuttles. Just before the shed opensuthe box motion raises the binder shuttle into posi- 115 tion to shoot the binder thread across and back again, the present loom being arranged to provide two picks of binder to one pick of pile. The box motion is best shown in Figs. 2, 8, and 4. On usualguides 128 a 120 shuttle box 129'is mounted to be reciprocated by a. link 130 actuated by a cam lever 131 pivoted at 132 and having its cam roll 133 traveling in a path cam 134. The shuttle box is herein shown as having byizo cells 12F 135, 136 to be occupied by shuttles 137, 138, the former for pile thread and the latter for bindenthread. A usual picker stick 139 is actuated by a picker-stick connector 140 and sweep arm 141 on.the picking shaft 142 noeaeav the "proper times by picking balls 144, 145,

.usual and well known manner.

146 carried by a plate or arms radiating from the shaft 48, the first mentioned picking hull: 144 actuating the pile shuttle and theoiher two the binder shuttle and so positioned-rlatively to each other as properly to lay a pick of pile thread alternating with two picks of binder thread. To prevent -a shuttle smash, any usual form of protection is provided, a protecting finger 147 being shown engaging the shuttle binders 148 and actuated by a link 149 and cranks 150, 151 from a shaft 152, the crank 161 connected by a link 153 with a protection dagger 15 lpivoted at 155 in an arm 156 whose free end ispivotally connected at 157 to a pusher 158 in position to be moved forward by the engagement of the free end of the dagger 154 with one of the three notches 1-59-of a plate 160 fast on the main shaft 48, said forward movement taking place whenever the shuttle fails to reach the box on any given pick, and serving to actuate the shipper lever 161 so as to actuate the shipper fork 162, all in A. spring shock absorber 163 takes the shock of the dagger action and a stop 164is provided for limiting the backward movement of the dagger'arm 156 and a stop 165 correspond ingly limiting the forward movement. The let-01f roll 14 is provided with a gear 166 fast on its shaft 15, driven bya gear 167 on a shaft 168 at whose outer end is a ratchet wheel 169 engaged by a pawl. 170 on an arm 171 connected by .a connecting rod 172 to the cup crank 47. i

In use, the warp threads are laid in a practically endless path from the warp beam 2 around through the weaving mechanism and back to the take-up rolls, passing over the let-0E roll 14 and thence in two sets, each composed of alternate threads, over the eas ing rods 18 and 19 to corresponding sets of warp carriers 53, 54, the alternate warp carriers 53 receiving all the warp threads which pass over the rod 19 and the alternate warp carriers 54 receiving all the warp threads which pass over the .rod 18. This arrangementmay be reversed, being a mere matter of threading-the warp carriers. The warp threads having been placed in their proper position in the warp carriers (their position determining, as fully explained in my first mentioned application, Whether a so called Turkish knot or a so called Indian knot is to be tied), the warp carriers are first swung around from the position shown in "Fig. 1 to the limit of their upward swing and then back again just below the horizontal, whereupon the shedding forks or lifters 109, 110 are brought into play by their actuating cams 126 and 127, eachof'which. motions produces a shedding movement. After each shedding movement the operator passes binder thread by hand across from" one side of the loo-1n to the other in usual manner until the desired usual border or holding piece has been woven before thebody of the rug is begun. Thereupon the loom is started, the first movement operating to swing the knotter mechanism back to normal position as shown in Fig. 1, whereupon the shuttle box 129 is dropped by its cam 134 and rod 130 so as to bring the top or filling. shuttle into line with the opening or arch of the warp carriers and thereupon the adj acent picker stick is operated by picking ball 144 to drive the shuttle 137 through the warp loops formedby the arch of the warp car- .riers. As the shuttle proceeds, the slack-- forming needles 81 begin drawing back slack so that by the time the shuttle has reached the opposite side of the loom quite a number of said needles have already completed their operation, as much time being preferably given for this movement as possible. When the slack-forming needles have taken up all the pile filling required for the subsequent forming of the piles, the needles 81 drop out of the way, their actuating cam 82 having by that time passed to the end of its move ment beyond the plate 96. Meanwhile the knotter begins its knot-formi11g movement, being swung from its position Fig. 1 around in the path 63 by the upward movement of' the rack 103 in engagement with the pinion 104 of the knotter, and as it reaches its uppermost position, thereby having coiled a fillipg thread around each warp thread at each warp carrier, it dwells momentarily to permit the beating-up comb to swing forward carrying each coil or loop of pile A thread off from the knotter and shifting it along the then taut warp threads until finally beaten up. Simultaneously with this heat ing-up motion the books of the beating up comb are caused to lift or pull upward on the slackened, pile thread so as uniformly to form all the piles entirely across the loom,

this movement being accomplished by the pulling down of the link 71 on the lovers 68, 70, WlllCllTBSLlltS in lifting the pivot 67 of the beatingup comb at the same time that the latter is swung forward by the downward movement of the link 76.

I prefer to accomplish the beating-up and the pile-forming by one and the same mechanism, and herein claim said feature as such, but it will be understood that I am not restricted to accomplishing these two operations by one mechanism, as separate mechanisms may be employed for accomplishing the two movements independently. For ordinary purposes a-relatively short pile is desired, the loom being herein shown as adjusted to that end, but a longer or shorter pile may be provided simply by adjusting the link 71 along a slot 173 provided in the arm 70. All the warp carriers are simultaneously revolved about 49 as a center by the engagement of the rack 103 with the pinion 10 1. After the pile thread has been beaten up and the piles lifted or formed, or while these operations are being accomplished, the warp carriers are swung hack to t e h zontal, or preferably below the horizontal, as herein shown, and are engaged by the shedding mechanism. For instance the lifter 109 is operated by its cam 126 so as to disengage the locking pin 61 of the arm 60, the lifter 109 being then swung forward 'while still engaging said pin GLraising the warp carriers 54. which turns with its shaft 52 as a pivotal center so as to form a shed between their warp threads and the warp threads carried by the' warp carriers 53. Just before the shed is formed, the box mo tion raises the shuttle 138 into position, and as the shed is formed the picking mechanism drives this shuttle and its binder thread across the loom through the shed forward of the knotter mechanism, and as it reaches the opposite side of the loom the shedding fork or lifter 109 swings back, restoring the .warp carriers 54 to their lowered position,

"and'ther eup'on instantly the shedding fork or lifter. 110 swings forward, and accomplishes for the carriers 23 the same movements as were accomplished before by the lifter 109 for the other set of carriers 54:, thereby rocking the rod 51 and simultaneously raising the opposite set of warp carriers. 53, thus forming an opposite shed. Just as this is formed, the pickingmechanism at the opposite side of the loom returns the shuttle 138 thereby inserting the second shot of binder'thread. Then the shedding fork or lifter 110 moves back, causing its set of Warp carriers'53 to drop so as to bring .all the warp threads level again. The shedding forks or lifters 109, 110 are now permitted to drop out of engagement with the locking pins 58, 61, which thereupon lock the arms 57, 60 in immovable relation'with the crank 50 so as to hold the warp carriers against movement, and, this having been accomplished,- the warp carriers complete their downward return swing back to their normal position, Fig. 1. The shuttle box motion has meanwhile dropped, and all the parts are in position for taking care of the next shot of pile thread it being understood that one pick of pile thread alternates with each two picks of ordinary binder thread. At each shedding movement the corresponding easing rod 18 or 19 as the case may be is permitted to yield independently by its separate mounting 20, 21 and spring 34, 35 on the main lever 22. The lever 22 is yieldingly actuated by its cam 31 and the spring connections 32, 33 to maintain the warp threads under proper tension throughout their knot-forming-movements. The above explained series of movements are repeated in regular Weaving order with great re. pidity and accuracy until the rug or fabric is finished. The. mechanism of my loom as above d scribed is capable of accomplishing a wide iange of weaving effects. As thus far described, it will wage a rug or other fabric with Turkish knots (Figs. 20, 21) or so-called Indian knot (Fig. 22). To weave a Persian knot, which is shown in Fig. 19, it will be evident that it is necessary to coil the weft w about one warp thread only of passing down under the other warp thread, and accordingly, in order to get this result with my mechanism, I introduce into the loom twice as many warp threads as I have previously referred to. This may be accomplished in a variety of ways, but for convenience I have shown a warp beam 174:Fig. 8mounted at the rear end of the loom, a supplemental frame 17 5 being secured'to the main frame for this purpose, and said warp beam being provided preferably with a usual let-off strap 176 andoperating cam lever 177, spring 178, and bolt 179, all as shown in connection with the warp beam 2.

a pair of warp threads, said weft simply On this warp beam 174 I provide a set of warp threads 180 passing over guide rolls 181, 182 and under a weight roll or compensating roll 183 vertically movable in slots 18%. to the eyes 185 of a comb or series of warp -carrying needles 186 depending from a frame 187. These needles are arranged so as to bring a warp thread between each. pair of warp carriers, or in other words the needles 186 direct a set of warp threads alternately with the warp threads 1 of the knot; ter mechanism. By this provision of the loom an extra/set of warp threads is introduced into the fabric being woven (the fingers of b ating-up comb 64% being correspondinglv doubled). The needle-carrying frame 18 "is mounted at the end of rocking arms 188; or rather the ends of the frame 187 are bent down, as best shown in'Fig. 14, and fixed on a shaft 189 mounted in braclo ets 190. I

The shaft 189 is provided with crank levers 191' operated by links 192v connected to levers 193 on a shaft 19 1 provided with a crank 195 connected by a link 196 actuated by a cam lever 197 whose roll 198 travels in a path cam 199 on the main shaft 18, said path cam 199 being timed to maintain the warp threads 1S0 raised asshown in F 6' while the filling pile is being shotacross under the arch of the Warp carriers or knotter mechanism, the slack drawn out thereimbeaten up, and the pile formed, and said warp threads 180 so remain until the warp carriers move back to their shedding position. Thereupon the warp threads 180 are lowered to a level with the other warp threads. While this latter movement is taking place, the shedding forks are being controlled raised. The sheddingmechanism may be exactly the same as already described, in which case the warp threads 180 will have a shedding motion with one of the two sets of warp threads controlled by the warp carriers 53, 5st, but. as this would result in an uneven distribution of the. warp threads in groups of three and one. it is preferable to shed the "arp threads 180 in one direction, while all the warp threads which are controlled by the lcnotting mechanism are moved in the other direction. This results in an even dividing ot' the warp threads in asznuch as the number of warp threads .180 is the same as the number of warp threads by the knotting mechanism. lso. while. to accomplish this last men tioned shedding, it is essential merely thatany simple mechanism shall be provided for moving the warp threads 180 into shedding position and then similarly moving the re maining warp threads for the next shedding movement, I prefer to accomplish the shedding movement by the same mechanism as already described, simply changing the timing so as to move the warp carriers 53 and together instead of dissimultaneously as before, thereby forming the shed not be tween two portions of the warp threads 1, but between all the warp threads 1 in raised position and all the warp threads 180 in lowered position. 'lo this end I provide a cam 200 ha ring in its opposite faces identical path cams 20L so placed as to operate both of shedding mechanisms at the same time and thereby lit't both sets of warp carriers simultzuwously. The result is that when the filling or binder thread is shot through the shed and back again, it is ,bound by the warp threads 180 on one side and the remaining warp threads on the other side. and yet. t'hewarp threads 180 are held in raised position during the knotting operatitm. so that when the pile weft. is shot through the hnotting mechanism, it is knotted sinu'ily t o those pile threads which happen to be controlled by the warp carriers 53. 5 1-, and when engaged by the iingers of the beating-up comb 64, (doubled as stated) the pile weft. is in the position shown in Fig. 19: When beaten up, the warp threads 130 are lowered into the plane of the threads 1, the resultbeing the Persian knot, as shown in Fig. 19.

it will be understood that. my invention is adaptable to all the usual wide ranges of color and weaving etiects known in the weaving art, and that I have purposely described the same herein in connection with a simple 't'orm of loom and loom mechanism, in order that. the main features of the invention may be more readily apprehended. Also, as already stated, certain features of my invention herein shown but not claimed are duly claimed in my before mentioned binder threads in the shed, means to knotwet"; thread across the width of the loom between binder threads, and means to beat up the binder threads and knotted weft thread.

3. In a loom, warp-supporting means, wet't mechanism for forming weft pile loops in an intact wettthread, means for laying binder filling, and mechanismfor knotting together said intact looped weft thread and the warp threads to hold said weft.- pile loops immovably in place.

i. In a loom, means fol-supporting a series of warp threads, mechanism for forming a series of weft pile loops in a single weft thread, and knotting mechanism for lmotting together successively a plurality of looped weftthreads and said warp threads, each weft thread being knotted against movement at the knot. len thwise of said weft thread, binder filling.

5. In a loom, means for supporting :1. Se ries of warp threads,-1nechanism for fol-m ing a series of weft. pile loops in a'single, weft thread, knotting mechanism ior'knotting together successively a plurality of looped weft threads and said warp threads, and means for beating up the knotted piles.

- 6. In a loom, means for supporting ground warp threads in weaving position, and coo iierating weaving mechanism, in-

eluding binder mechanism and means for coiling individual ground warp threads around a weft thread,.prior to the knotting of the latter around the former, in the )rocess of knotting the weft thread arounc the warp threads.

7. In a loom, means for supporting warp threads in weaving position, and cooperating weaving mechanism, including means for delivering a weft; thread transversely of and means .or layingsaid warp threads, and means for tyingsaid" wett thread while intact in a knot aroi ind said wa'rp threads at; a plurality of places tl'iroughout the length of said. as yet uncut weft thread.

S. In a loom, means for supporting warp threads in weaving position, means for delivering a weft thread transversely of said warp threads, mcansfor forming a. series of plies in said smglejweft thread, cooperating:

means for tying said piles while the Weft lrnotting the intact weft thread to individual thread isintact inknots about said warp threads and binder weaving means.

91., In a loom, means for supporting a riesoi warp threads in weaving position, and coeperatingweaving mechanism, in eluding binder mechanism and means for coiling a weft thread around individual warp threads at three or more separated places throughout the length of the intact weft thread.

I said knots.

slack-providing meansfor said weft thread,

10. In aloom, means for supporting a series of warp threads in wea\ing position, and cotiperating weaving mechanism, including bindeixmeclianism and knot-fornr ing means for securing-immovably a w'eft thread to the successive warp threads throughout the serieslhy knotting the weft thread while intact throughout said series around individual warp threads by a succession of knots thro ghout the length of the weft thread.

11. In a loom, means for supporting a seriesof warp threads in Weaving position, and eoeperating weaving mechanism, comprising binder mechanismand means for se curing an intact Weft thread to the successive warp threads by knot-ting the weft thread around individual warp threads by a succession of knots throughout the length of the weft thread,'said securing means including 12. In a loom, means for supporting a series of warp threads in weaving position, and coeperating pile loop weaving mechanism, including means for delivering a weft thread transversely of said warp threads,

slaclepr'oviding means for providing a plurality -of deflections in the length of said Weft thread, and mechanism for securing the intact weft thread around individual Warp threads at -each of said deflections and binder mechanism for holding the pile loops in upstanding position in the fabric.

13. In a lom, means for supporting a series of warp threads in weavlng position, and cotiperating pile loop weaving mechanism, including means for delivering a weft thread transversely of said warp threads,

- and mechanism for knotting the intact weft thread to individual warp threads sirnultaneously at each pile-loop forming position, leaving the pile loops in woven pile position in the fabric and binder mechanism for maintaining said'position.

1-1. In aloom, means for supporting a se-. ries of warp threads in Weaving position, a d cooperating pile loop weaving mechanism, includjngnieans-for delivering a weft thread transvemsely of said warp threads, slack-providing means for providingprogressively a plurality of loops in the. length of said weft thread, and mechanism for mechanism for simultaneously forming.

position in the fabric and binder mechanism for- 'uaintaining said position.

15. In a loom, warp carriers, operating mechanism coiiperating therewith to arch the warp threads in alined loops, :1 series of fingers movable into position to form a raceway at saidloops, a weft-carryin" device and operating means for moving tie same along said raceway, means for moving said fingers into engagement with the weft to form a series of slack places in the form of lateral deflections throughout the length of the latter, and coiiperating binder mechanism to bind said weft and warp threads into a. woven fabric.

16. In a loom, warp carriers,- operating mechanism coiiperating therewith to arch the warp threads in alined, loops, a weftcarrying device and operating means for moving the weft thread through said alined loops, a series of fingers, means for engagmg said fingers with the weft to form a series of slack places in they form of lateral deflections therein, mechanism to beat up the weft including the deflections to pile position, and binder mechanism to bind said bcatenaip weft and the warp threads into a 1 woven fabric.

17, In a loom, warp carriers, operating mechanism cotiperating therewith to arch the warp threads in alined loops, a weftcarrying device and operating means for moving the weft thread through said alined loops, a series of fin ers, means for progressively engaging said fingers with the weft to form aseries of lateral bends or deflections therein, mechanism to beat up said weft and its-lateral bends to pile position,

and binder mechanism to bind said beatenup weft and the warp threads into a woven fabric.

18. In a loom, warp carriers, operating mechanism cooperating therewith to arch the warp threads in alined loops, a weft .carr in device and o cratin means for moving the weft thread through said alineo loops, a series of fingers, means for progrussively engaging said fingers with the weft to form a series of lateral bends or deflections therein, said progressive engagen'ient following the movement of the weft moving means alternately from the opposite sides of the loom, mechanism to beat up said wef and its said deflections to the fell, and binder mechanism to bind the beaten-up weft and the ,warp threads into a woven fabric.

19. In a loom, means to support two approximatelyparallel ground threads in predetermined weaving position, a main source of supply of .a third thread which is to be knotted, and 'cotiperating weaving mecha access? nism, including means to knot said third thread, while intact as an unsevered part of said supply, with a two-coil knot about said two threads, one coil about each thread, and binding-thread mechanism for binding the knotted weft thread and warp threads into a woven fabric.

20. In a loom, means to support two ground warp threads, and cotiperating weavin mechanism, including means for delivering a weft thrpad transversely of said warp threads, knottmg means ,c oiiperating with said weft-thread deliveri g means to tie said weft thread, while in act from its source of supply, onto said ground warp threads with a coil of said weft thread around at leastone of said ground warp threads, and binding-thread mechanism for binding the knotted weft thread and warp threads into a woven fabric.

21. A, loom, warp supporting -means, means-to. shed the warp threads, means 'to introduce binder threads in the shed, means to knot weft thread across the Width of the loom between binder threads, and means to form pile loops in the weft thread between the knots thereof across the width of the loom.

22. A loom, warp supporting means, meansto shed the warp threads, means to introduce binder threads in the shed, means to knot weft thread across the'widt-h of the loom between binder threads, and means to form pile loops in the weft thread between the knots thereof across .the width of the loom, including means to vary the length of means to shed the warp threads, means to introduce binder threads in the shed,'means to knot weft thread across the width of the loom between binder threads, slack-forming means .to produce slack at intervals throughout the length of said weft thread, and means to form pile loops in the slackened weft thread between the knots thereof.

24. In a loom, weaving mechanism, including shedding mechanism, coiiperating means to introduce binder threads, means to introduce pile thread, and beat-up mechanism, including means to actuate said heatup mechanism to raise the pile.

25. In a loom, weaving mechanism, in cluding shedding mechanism, coiiperating means to introduce binder threads, means to introduce pile thread, and beat-up mechanism and its operating mechanism, including means providing a combined forward beating movement and-upward pile-forming movement. I i

26. In a loom, weaving mechanism, including shedding mechanism, coiiperating means to introduce binder threads, means to introduce pile thread, a heater comb provided with hook shaped portions in position cluding shedding mechanism, coiiperating means to introduce binder threads, means to introduce pile thread, a heater comb provided with hook shaped portions in'position to engage the pile thread, and means moving the hook shaped portions of the comb into engagement with said pile thread and causing the same to pull the pile thread into pile loops throughout the width of the loom. Y

28; In a loom, warp supporting means, weaving mechanism, including shedding meclmi'iism, and alternately operating mechanisms to weave in binder weit threads transversely of the warp threads and to knot in weft pile loops, said shedding mechanism coiiperating progressively with said alternately operating mechanisms to weave a. unitary knottedpile of fabric.

29. In a loom, warp supporting means, weaving mechanism, including shedding mechanism, alternately operating mechanisms to weave in a plurality of picks-of binder weft threads transversely of the warp threads and to interknot with the warp threads .weft pile'loops, and mechanism to beat up the transverse threads as the weav- .ing proceeds, said shedding mechanism cooperating progressively with said other mechanisms to weave a unitary knotted pile fabric. i

80'. In a loom, warp supporting means,

shedding mechanism, mechanisms for introducing binder weft threads alternately with certain of the shedding movements, and for introducing other weft thread after other shedding movements, and knotting mechanism for knotting together said last mentioned other Weft thread and the warp threads.

31. In a loom, warp supporting means, shedding mechanism, mechanisms for introducing binder weft threads alternately with certain of the shedding movements, and for introducing other weft thread after other shedding movements, and knotting mechanism for knotting said. last mentioned other weft thread around. the warp threads at aplurality of places throughout the length of said weft thread.

32. In a loom, warp supporting means, shedding mechanism. mechanisms for introducing binder weft threads alternately. with certain of the shedding movements, and for introducing other weft thread after other shedding movements, knotting" mechanism for k'notting said last mentioned other weft thread around the warp threads at a plurality of places throughout the length of said weft thread, and cotiperating means for his forming a series of piles in the single weft' thread thus knotted.

33. In a loom, warp supporting means, shedding mechanism. mechanisms for introducing binder weft threads alternately with certain of the sheilding movements, and for introducing other weftthread after other shedding movements, and knotting mecha nism for simultaneously knotting said lastmentioned other weft thread around the warp threads at. a plurality of places nihro'ughout the length of said weft thread.

il hln' a loom. warp supporting means,

' shedding mechanism, mechanisms for introducing hinder weft threads alternately with certain of the shedding movements, andfor introducing other weft thread after other shedding movements, and knotting mechanism for simultaneously knotting said last mentioned other weft thread around. a plurality of the warp threads by a plurality of separated knots, each around a separate warp thread.

35. In a loom, warp supporting means, shedding mechanism for the warp threads, means for introducing binder weft threads, means for delivering a weft thread transversely (if said warp threads, slack-forming means for providing a plurality of slack places for pile loops in the length of said weft thread, and knottlng mechanism for tying the weft threads to individual warp "at each of said slack places, and means to lift said weft thread at its said slackcned 45- places in pile formation out of the way of the weaving of the body of the fabric.

.37.-In a loom, warp supporting means, shedding mechanism for the warp threads, means for introducing binder weft threads, means-for delivering a weft thread transversely of said warp threads, slack-forming means for progressively providing a plurality of slack places for pile loops in the length of said weft thread while in an an.- cut or intact condition, and knotting mechanism for tying the intact weft thread to individual warp threads at each of said-slack places.

38. In a loom, shedding mechanism, shuttle mechanism, knotting mechanism normally in line with the shuttle mechanism, the latter including into the fabric by said knotting mechanism, operating means for the lmotting mechanism means for driving apick of weft thread 111 position to bezknotted moving the knotting mechanism out of line i with the shuttle mechanism, saidshedding mechanism operating to shed the warp threads when the knotting mechanism is in said position out of line with the shuttle mechanism, and the latter including means for driving binder thread through'the shed outside of the knotting mechanism.

39. In a loom, shedding mechanism, means to drive binder threads through the shed of the warp threads, knott-ing mechanism for forming longitudinal loops in certain of the warp threads and holding them open in line with each other in the form of a transverse arch across ,the loom, means for driving a weft thread through the arch of warp loops,

cooperating means for transferring the longitudinal warp loop formation into transverse weft loops or coils of said weft thread about the warp threads, and means for beat-. ing 'upsaid binder thread and coiled weft thread to form a knotted woven fabric.

10. In a loom, shedding mechanism, means to drive binder threads through the shed of the warp threads, knotting mechanism for forming longitudinal loops in certain of the warp threads and holding them open in line with each other in the form of a transverse arch across the loom, meansfor driving a weft thread through the arch of warp loops, cooperating means for transferring the. longitudinal warp loop formation into transverse weft loops or coils of said weft thread about the warp threads, means for pulling said weft thread out laterally at. a plurality of separated places throughout'its length for forming piles therein. and means for beating up said binder thread and coiled weft thread to form a knotted woven pile fabric.

41. In a loom, knotting mechanism, including warp carriers arranged in line with each other transversely across the loom normally inthc weaving plane of the warp threads, means for delivering a single pile thread transversely of a plurality of said warp carriers, shedding mechanism for shedding certain of the warp threads from =t.he remaining warp threads, and shuttle mechanism for (ll-lying picks of weft thread as the warp threads are shed.

42. In a. loom, knott-ing mechanism, including two sets of warp carriers independently movable, casing mechanism containing two easing rods yielding independently, one rod supporting the warp threads for'one set of said warp carriers and the other rod sup- -porting the warp threads for the other set of said wagplcarriers, and shedding mechanism operating alternately to engage and move one set of said warp carriers from the other set for producing a shed in the warp threads. 4

13. In a loom,'shedding mechanism, knotting mechanism for tying it weft thread in 7 answer and means for separating the warp threads intopairs, said shedding mechanism including means permit-ting one warp thread of each pair to be depressed when the other warp thread of said pair is in a raised position.

4:44. In a loom, knotting mechanism, including means formanipulating the individual warp threads, and easing mechanism for permitting said warp threads to yield under said manipulation, including a plurality of give-aways, spring means for permitting said give-aways to yield, and limiting stop means for maintaining a desired tension on the warps.

45. In a loom knotting mechanism, including two sets of warp carriers, locking means normally locking said warp carriers to move together, and operating means to move said warp carriers.

46. In a loom, knotting mechanism, including two sets of warp carriers, locking uneans normally locking said warp carriers to move together, operating means to move said Wf rp carriers, and shedding mechanism, iu-luding means to unlock said warp carriers and move said two sets dissimultaneously.

" 47. In a loom, knotting mechanism, includin two sets of warp carriers, opposite pivoted cranks pivotally supporting said warp carriers at the free ends of said cranks,

and means to swing said cranks and their warp carriers about the crank pivots as a center. A

48. In a loom, knotting mechanism, includin two sets of. warp carriers, opposite pivoted cranks pivotally supporting said warp carriers at the free ends to means to swing said crankstand their warp carriers about the crank apivots asa center,

and shedding mechanism including means to I swing said two sets of warp carriers dissim ultaneously on their pivots.

49; In a loom, weaving mechanism, in-' cluding a pivoted beating lip-comb, means to swing said comb forwardgabout its pivot for ts beating up motion, and means to raise said pivotv as the comb is swinging forward, said comb having engaging hooks for raising the pile as the comb is raised in its forward swinging movement. 1

50. In a loom, weaving mechanism, in-

cluding a pivoted beating up comb, means to swing said comb forward about its pivot for its beating up motiommeans to raise said pivot as they comb is swinging. forward, said v comb having engaging hooks for raising the pile as the comb is'raised in its forward swinging movement, and adjusting means for varying-the extent of pile-forming movement;

saideranks;

51. In a loom, box-motion mechanism, including a plurality of shuttles, shedding mechanism,:pile-forming mechanism, including knotting mechanism, driving mechanism to drive a shuttle of binder weftacross the warp threads when the shed is open and latter to knot the pile thread thus driven at a plurality of places throughout its length to a corresponding plurality of the warp threads. I

- 52. In a loom, knotting mechanism, for manipulating a plurality of the warp threads of'the fabric being woven, means for introducing into the fabric a plurality of warp threads independently of said knotting mechanism, shedding mechanism, and means for introducing pilethread to said knotting mechanism. to be knotted by the latter at a plurality'of separate places about a plurality of the Warp threads of the fabric, and cooperating shedding mechanism aiding .in binding the pile thread into the fabric.

53. In a loom, kn'otting mechanism, for manipulating a {plurality of the warp threads of the fabric being woven, means for introducing into the fabric a plurality of warp threads independently of said knotting mechanism, and means for introducing pile thread to said knotting mechanism to be knotted bythe latter at a plurality of separate-places about a plurality of the warp threads of the fabric, and shedding mechanism actuating a portion of the warp threads, includipg the said independent warpthreads, to form a shed with relation to the'remainder of the warp threads.

54;. In a 100m, warp supporting means, means for weaving the body of the fabric, means forsupportinga pile forming thread transversely of the warp threads, means for bending said pile forming thread transversely between the warp threads at intervals throughout its length and'thereby forming loops in said pile forming thread, and-means for engaging the laterally bent portions of the pile forming thread and raising said portions into pile position with reference to the body of the fabric.-

55. In a loom, warp supporting means,

means for weaving the body of the fabric,

'said: pile forming thread laterally between adgacent warpthreads. at predetermined intervals transversely across the 100m, and name to this specification, in the presence of "coiiperating inelchalnism for coiling said pile two subscribing witnesses. forming threac znout the War threads in r 3 w J oriental knotsat each point 'WEGI'G the pile IIIOM\b I VVALSH' 3 forming thread is bent to embrace said Warp Witnesses:

threads. 1 M. J SPALDING,

In testimony whereof, I have signed my WILLIAM J. PIKE. 

